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QUAN 2010 Notes: Introduction to Business Statistics

Omar Ortega

Section 2.2 Qualitative Data Displays

Qualitative data is handled differently when displayed, but you are already familiar with many of these different types of charts. We quickly summarize them below.

Definition 2.2.1.

Definition 2.2.2.

There are two types of bar charts with bars in a vertical direction:
  • clustered chart: displays groups of several values side-by-side
    Clustered Bar Chart Example
     3 
    public.tableau.com/app/profile/mohit.kumar.malviya/viz/ClusteredBarChart_16609263465460/ClusteredBarChart
  • stacked chart: displays groups of several values in a single column within the same category
    Stacked Chart Example
     4 
    public.tableau.com/app/profile/anurag.mishra1745/viz/STACKEDchart/stackedchart

Exercise 2.2.3.

The Excel file below contains data for the 20 top albums on the Billbard 200 from the week of July 13th, 2024. Create a bar chart for Genre in Excel.
(Hint: First make a frequency distribution using “COUNTIF” in Excel.)
Answer.

Definition 2.2.4.

  • Pareto chart: a special type of bar chart used in quality control programs by businesses
    • a distinguishing feature is that they show the categories in decreasing order
  • Pie chart: a useful display when comparing proportions of categorical data. Each segment represents the relative frequency of that category.

Exercise 2.2.5.

(Donnelly Your Turn 7)
The table in the Excel file below shows an airline company’s flight delay data. The table shows the reasons for the delays and the relative frequency of each type of delay. Construct a Pareto chart for the data.
Answer.

Subsection 2.2.1 Contingency (Pivot) Tables

Definition 2.2.6.

Contingency tables (known as pivot tables in Excel) provide a format to display the frequencies of two qualitative variables. Contingency tables allow one to identify relationships bewteen two or more variables.

Exercise 2.2.7.

(Donnelly 2.22)
A regional manager at Macy’s compares customer satisfaction ratings (1,2,3, or 4 starts) at the company’s Medford, Iowa, store (M); Eden, Iowa, store (E); and Darby, Iowa, store (D). The table in the Excel file below shows data from 50 customers. Use Excel to construct a contingency table. What conclusions can be drawn about store location and customer satisfaction?
Answer.
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